Population Problems: A Worldwide Dilemma Essay

Population, specifically in terms of size, is considerably more of an issue today than it has ever been. In fact, some of the most significant problems worldwide are being attributed to the continuous rise of the human global population as mainly contributed by less economically established nations (Sociology Online). However, there is significantly more to these problems regarding population than commonly perceived. In fact, there are already several population problems that have brought about significant detrimental effects to several nations throughout the world, hence evidently causing alarm at a global scale. On of the most identifiable population problem is of course international migration (Sociology Online). From the standpoint of the common individual, migration might seem harmless as it only pertains to the transfer of people from country to country in terms of those who seek a different environment in which to live in. However, considering an immense growth in population, especially from impoverished countries, the migration of individuals from such countries towards countries which are more economically stable may result in various detrimental effects including diminished resources, social barriers, and further increase in population growth (Sociology Online). Given this, there have been methods in which migration may be controlled. In the United States for example, not everyone is allowed to migrate as there are set criteria in choosing the individuals to be allowed to stay in the country (Sociology Online). Another significant population problem is actually very much related to the first one, the continuous reduction of available resources. This problem is rather expected as the more individuals are born, the more people are in need of food. Since, food production cannot always be on par with the demand, problems will obviously arise. In fact, in extreme cases, famine may even break out as a result of the prolonged lack of available food in numerous locations, which evidently causes not only simple cases of malnutrition but in fact can cause numerous deaths for a particular locality (Sociology Online). The methods in which this is addressed is understandably not only through better rate of production of goods but also through a better consideration in terms of how much is consumed. Unlike the other two issues discussed, the third one to be mentioned is more on politics and international relations rather than simply the direct physical effects of the overgrowth of populations. The advanced countries have often showed concern regarding the increasing populations of the less developed countries, and have often expressed their eagerness in coercing the governments of these countries to promote or impose methods of population control (Sociology Online). Even though such suggestions are frowned upon in certain countries, some have in fact initiated population control methods regardless of the suggestions. In fact, the government imposed policies on having children in China have had various positive effects especially in terms of economic status (Sociology Online). As discussed, population problems today are generally associated with immense population growth, and it is evident that most global impacts are from this source. However, it must also be considered that the opposite of overpopulation is also potentially a source of negative implications (Sociology Online). Therefore, in order to truly limit or eliminate population problems, from apparent ones to more specific cases, a focus must be placed upon determining and maintaining an optimal population for each and every country worldwide. Work Cited Sociology Online. â€Å"Population Patterns and Trends. † Sociology Online Chapters and Texts. n. d. 20 May 2009

Life and Work of Ed Clark Essay

Hailed from the Storyville in the state of New Orleans, Edward Clark had made his imprint to the Visual and Arts field of the African American History. Born on 1926, he studied at Art Institute of Chicago for his four years degree from year 1947 to 1951. After he finished his bachelor’s degree, he studied again in Paris at L’Academie de la Grande Chaumiere during the year 1952. In his years in Paris, the academe where he was into influenced him a lot to pursue more and one his talent in painting and arts. His instructor named Edouard Georg of the L’Academie de la Grande Chaumiere, encouraged him to paint and make arts works and pieces. But before his study in Paris, he already received good words and encouragement from his instructor in Art Institute of Chicago named Louis Ritman. However, though much appreciated by Clark, neither of the two had become inspiration for him to make his own work. It was the painting entitled â€Å"The Football Game† created by Nicolas de Stael. He had seen the painting when he was in Paris the same year 1952 in an exhibit in Salon d’Automne. After he lived in Paris, France, he came back to New York to continue his art profession and career. Clark became one of the charter members of the Tenth Street’s Brata gallery. This was where the works of the famous artists like Sal Romano and John Krushenick were displayed and shown. Also, the works of George Sugarman, Al Held, and Ronald Bladen were shown there. During the year 1957, his work with a shaped canvass had been displayed on the same gallery where he had been a member in a Christmas group show. It was described in an article of Lawrence Campbell on Art News as the first and one of its kind. His works for over the five decades of being an abstract artist have been known internationally. With his work displayed in 1957 in the Brata gallery, which was a work in a shaped canvass, he was the very first painter to be credited having an innovated work. In time, his kind of work had influenced the contemporary art during the years of 1950 and 1960. He became known of his works in large-shaped canvasses, his strong impact brush strokes, and his choice of colors in every masterpiece he made. And because of these things about him and he had made, he had been called as an â€Å"Abstract Impressionist. Aside from the work that had been exhibited at Brata gallery, another work of Clark made him famous was the one that had been placed and displayed at his Alma Mater Art Institute of Chicago. This work of Clark belonged to the permanent collection of the Art Institute of Chicago. After his very successful career as abstract artist in New York, he came back in France where he made his very first oval painting. To date, this was almost a decade after he firstly done his push broom technique in making his masterpieces. With his push broom technique, he was able to move himself freely while painting on the canvass, as a result, his strokes were big and bolded, and these made him more different among other abstract artist. Clark was always open for new creation and styles of his work. Aside from the push broom technique that he had first used, he also used the method similar to â€Å"pouring sand. † However, it was just inspired by the mentioned method and Clark made use of the dry pigments, this time on the paper instead on large canvass. During his times, it was the post war years of realism and years of abstraction. Also, the paintings of other artists were concentrated on the civil rights issue and racial clamors between the white men and black men. Clark, though addressed almost the same issue, had delivered his works in a very different, although he was using large canvasses alike with other artists that time. After the 1950s, it was the Black Arts Movement and Abstraction that hounded the field of visual and arts. Black men asserted their culture authority in line with the civil rights they were asserting on the past decade. Clark also belonged to these artist where African American Arts were much honed.

Crisis communications plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crisis communications plan - Essay Example Hence, appointing an experienced Public Relations Officer to take charge of CCP is vital to its success. A good crisis communication plan will contain the following key elements. First, it should have gotten the endorsement of the Director of Communications. Second, it should contain a list of clearly designated employee responsibilities. The information contained in the plan would have gone through verification and clearance checks. It will include a lits of media contact points and also contain details regarding local public health agencies. The plan will clearly identify who the spokesperson is going to be as well as identifying members of the Emergency Response Team. The efficiency and speed with which the crisis is dealt with is in itself a key element (and the first step) of a good plan. Later, the drawn up plans need to be communicated to the stakeholders through proper Public Relations procedures. This usually involves publication and coverage of the crisis in media outlets s uch as newspapers and television stations. In most instances, a crisis situation never gets covered in the media, probably because the story is not newsworthy.

Health disparities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health disparities - Research Paper Example I come from a nuclear family of six. I have two sisters and one brother all of whom are college graduates and are athletes. My father and mother have been married for twenty eight years. My father works in real estate and my mother is a teacher in an elementary school. I embrace black history and the African American culture (Andrews et. al., 2010). An artifact of my personal culture of origin is the preparation of food by deep frying and seasoning food with ham, ham hocks, or gravy. Many of the rites of my personal culture of origin revolve around food. Our cherished food called soul food is made of ribs, cornbread, fried pork chops, and chicken. Many people from my culture have a liking for butter, pork fat and salt as a flavour. Whereas these foods are good and we love them, they contain high amount of fat and sodium chloride that are associated with obesity and arthritis. Undeniably, people from my culture are fond of dining out and I would agree with studies that claim that we dine out two or more times weekly. Whereas this habit is desired and observed by many even from outside my culture, when we dine out, we take less serving of vegetables and fruits. The fast foods we take from fast food restaurants are associated with high calories and low essential micronutrients. This is one of the factors that have been cited in ex plaining the high statistics of African American people struggling excessive weight gain (Karmeen & Kulkarni, 2004). Generally, most African Americans get at least three children. This has an advantage of providing the family members of an African American family with familial support that is good for esteem and health. A large family size is good for health especially in terms of providing care to each other even when ailing. Despite this advantage, a large family size contributes to reduced nutritional care especially in light of the generally low socioeconomic status of many African Americans. This taxes the quality of health of

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

No topic - Essay Example Princes saw a chance to secure authority at the expense of the Catholic Holy Roman emperor. The Catholic Church was unable to restore unity though much of the emperor remained under its power. Furthermore, there were protestant and catholic quarrels which led to a series of religious wars during 16thC and 17thC. When regarding politics, the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) pitted Swedish and German Protestants against the holy Roman emperor and Spain. For a full century German authority and prosperity did not recover. Rulers and cities were permitted by the peace settlement to choose their official religion. It also provided the protestant Netherlands independence from Spain (Hunt et al., 529). During the 17thC, religion was a significant issue in English civil strife, most Protestants gained toleration apart from Catholics. The European power balance and political structure was affected by the wars. France gained authority; England and Netherlands developed global trade while Spain lost supremacy. Some rulers benefited from the fall of papal power even though protestant theory encouraged parliamentary authority in some states. In general, popular attitudes changed as people became less probable to recognize a link between god and nature. Religion and day-to-day life were viewed as separate (Hunt et al., 576). Greater stress to family life; love among spouses was encouraged as religious changed. Nevertheless, when covenants were abolished by Protestants women had lesser alternatives if unmarried. Lastly, literacy spread more

Evolution of English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evolution of English Language - Essay Example This paper will address evolution of English over time. Languages don’t just happen-they evolve naturally and are a constant work in progress in addition to being a result of thousands of years of development. English, as we know it, is under constant state of change and is also relatively new as vocabulary is always being enriched with new words from all fields, which are coming up on daily basis. Every day, new words are introduced to the English language while others are losing their significance thereby becoming obsolete leading to their being dropped. The rise of this language is worth mentioning especially due to the fact that when Caesar first entered Britain, English language did not exist. Even after five hundred years, it was only spoken by as few people as those who currently speak some other Native American or Australian languages. Nearly about a thousand years later, when  Shakespeare  was at his peak, English was only known to approximately five to seven million people. Today, more than 750 million people speak E nglish, and half of these are native speakers whose first language is not English. English is a global language now and it has become one of the most powerful and influential languages on the planet. In America, Dude is a word that lies between bloke, a slang term for a man or a guy, and the official British English term for mate. Similar to the usage of the word mate, Dude can be used in a vaguely affectionate manner while referring to another person: â€Å"Do not worry about it, dude.†Ã‚   In context of Bloke, Dude can be used to describe a third person: ‘That dude is stressed out.† Nowadays the usage of this word can be found almost in any section of the World. There is no restriction to its use as anybody can use it in general conversations to refer both to the second person and third person for example; what’s wrong with that dude? Or what’s wrong with you, dude? YouTube is an internet site, which facilitates uploading of

Evaluate the empirical evidence on the predictability of excess stock Coursework - 2

Evaluate the empirical evidence on the predictability of excess stock returns using technical analysis - Coursework Example There exist two means of evaluating a stock to make investment decisions. These include fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis deals with studying the company in details and making the characteristics that make its value identified for decision-making. Technical analysis on the other hand looks at the factors of supply and demand. Technical analysis considers the application of the study on the market factors of the company, their effects on the price and factors of demand and supply. Technicians pay attention to the prices of the market and make predictions based on their understanding of the effect that information may have on the stock. They depend on the market efficiency hypothesis in making their decisions. To obtain a full view of market inefficiency, one needs to obtain returns over a long span to evaluate a company’s performance since stock prices changes slowly as per information provided (Fama, 1997, p.284). The changes sometimes close to zero providing no effect unless huge funds are invested in the counter to provide the power of quantity. The market of technical analysis depends on the market anomalies though may not provide a good picture of the actual market position. The use of information to determine the ability of the stock to provide massive returns to the investors is tricky and may at times provide misleading information to the investors. The use of a different approach to technical analysis that considers the studying of the model that describes the cash flows of the firm discounted by pricing aspects may deliver a positive correlation between the current returns expected and the past returns that the firm made (Johnson, 2002, p.585). Understanding this and applying it in the analysis to top up on the market and price study of the technical analysts would provide confident answers to predicting a stock’s

Administrative Law Human Right Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administrative Law Human Right - Case Study Example However, the modern form of the 1948 National Assistance Act made a clear distinction between a local authority with a statutory duty to arrange care and accommodation for those unable to arrange it themselves, and a private company providing services with which the local authority contracted on a commercial basis in order to fulfil its duty to arrange such care and accommodation.The issue in this appeal is whether a care home (such as that run by Southern Cross Healthcare Ltd), when providing accommodation and care to a resident (such as Mrs YL, the appellant), pursuant to arrangements made with a local authority (such as Birmingham City Council) under sections 21 and 26 of the National Assistance Act 1948, is performing "functions of a public nature" for the purposes of section 6(3)(b) of the Human Rights Act 1998 and is thus in that respect a "public authority" obliged to act compatibly with Convention rights under section 6(1) of that Act. Sections 21 and 26 of the National Assis tance Act 1948 confer statutory powers and impose a statutory duty. The duty is imposed on the relevant local authority. It may be discharged by arranging for the provision of residential care in a home run by itself, or by another local authority, or by a voluntary organisation or by a private provider such as Southern Cross. ... This is correct, but not in my view significant. The intention of Parliament is that residential care should be provided, but the means of doing so is treated as, in itself, unimportant. By one means or another the function of providing residential care is one which must be performed. For this reasons also the detailed contractual arrangements between Birmingham, Southern Cross and Mrs YL and her daughter are a matter of little or no moment. The provision of residential care is the subject of very detailed control by statute, regulation and official guidance, and criminal sanctions apply to many breaches of the prescribed standards. The issue which your Lordships must decide, as expressed in paragraph 18 of the order of Ryder J of 12 September 2006, is whether the second Respondent, Southern Cross Healthcare Ltd ("Southern Cross"), "in providing care and accommodation for YL [the appellant] is exercising a public function for the purposes of section 6(3)(b) of the Human Rights Act 1998". Bennett J held, on 5 October 2006, that it was not. The Court of Appeal, on 30 January 2007, agreed: [2007] 2 WLR 1097. But these decisions are challenged before the House by YL, supported by the Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs and by Justice, Liberty, the British Institute of Human Rights, Help the Aged and Age Concern England, each an independent body. It is convenient to refer, briefly, to the statutory and factual backg round to the formulation of this preliminary issue. Conclusion: These examples illustrate, I think, that it cannot be enough simply to compare the nature of the activities being carried out at privately owned care homes with those carried out at local authority owned care homes. It is necessary to look also at the reason why the person

Avis Budget Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Avis Budget Group - Assignment Example It is also meant to offer high quality services both internal and external to its clients from all over the world. This means that the company’s rate of car hire and leasing is lower as compared to other companies in the industry (King, pg3). Its mission also comprises providing reliable and fulltime service to its client who do not own a car, or who want to enjoy the services of a car. The core values that Avis budget group operates on are purely based on the need of every citizen to have an efficient and easy movement process. It is not possible for all people to have cars, or to go with own car everywhere they travel. As a result the company has joined hands with stakeholders from all over the world, which includes the largest car hire companies in the world, to offer services under Avis budget group. The company also has stakeholders from the Asian and African region, where the need of hiring a car is rising. As a matter of fact the financial capability of Avis budget grou p is stable as of now, with less than four cases of debt from other organization since its inception. The operational principle that is used in this company is far different from other car hire companies, since its goes by the objective and reason of existence of this company. Industrial perspective In the last financial year, the company made a profit amounting to twenty percent of the previous year’s performance. It made a profit of seven billion dollars as compared to previous year where it made four point six billion dollars in profit. The company has been recognized by the government as one of the most reliable company in the car hire industry. This has resulted the company to enjoy the benefit of offering services to most governments in the African region (Benton, pg1). The company has increased in financial performance for the last five years. This has been as a result of extensive and keen contribution to the factors that bothers the economic growth and the natural as pect. With the recent global financial crisis, the company has partnered with other organizations that adapt to economical way of producing fuel to be used in automotives. It has teamed up with American companies to provide efficient and environmental friendly fuels that are beneficial to the economy and environment. It has partnered with a group of companies that produce fuel from a plant grown in the garden (King, pg5). The provision of services by Avis budget group has played a critical role in the advancement of the economy, by applying methods that ensure industrialization and economic growth of different countries. The company has also ensured that the services are available to all people, not considering the background of individuals. Their cars run on environment friendly fuels, thus contributes to industrialization. Environmental perspective This company has ensured that all the aspects are taken care of, where the most critical factor being considered to be environmental. Environment is a crucial part in the continuity of Avis budget group’s business activity. This has not been left behind, and the company has ensured that environment is maintained to the level best to enable the continuity of its business. This has resulted to the company establishing programs that are eco friendly. The recent program incorporated by the company is known as green fuel. This has been a critical boost to the sales oil produced from plants. It has also seen the

Mobile Phones Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mobile Phones Development - Essay Example Contrary to digital standards, in 1G, the voice is merely modulated to frequency equal to or above 150 MHz (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 36, 2000). Following 1G was 2G or second generation, which was more efficient than 1G in three important ways. First, as mentioned before, 2G worked on digital signals rather than analog signals. Second, the 2G system s were far more effective then analog in that they allowed for way higher levels of penetration. Finally and most importantly, 2G brought with it, data service beginning from SMS messaging. Next comes the third generation or 3G, which refers to standards specified by ‘International Mobile Telecommunications’' (Hamill & Lasen, 41, 2008). This evolved version offers services like wide-area wireless, mobile internet, video calls, and mobile TV. According to IMT conditions, 3G system provides minimum 200 Kbits/s data rate (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 36, 2000). Current rel eases of this generation of mobile phones provide broadband access to other accessories like laptop and smart phones. A study of this progressive change in the industry reveals that a new generation of mobile phone appears every ten years. Each generations brings with it new bands of frequency, faster data rates and irrevocable transmission technology. Currently, WiMAX is considered the 4G or fourth generation of the mobile phone industry (Harper & Buress, 119, 2008). This newest update promises IP based mobile broadband to laptops and smart phones, gaming and streamed multimedia. â€Å"Mobile phones have undoubtedly revolutionized the communication industry in every possible way† (Hamill & Lasen, 41, 2008). Gone are the days when people would wait endlessly for someone to return to their homes to talk to them. Mobile phones today bring everyone together, connecting everyone to the virtual world of information, day in and day out. One way mobile phones have affected telecommu nications is that no one now uses telephones. Although marketing research analysts do not agree that rapid growth in mobile industry will result in collapse of landline usage, there is a little reason to believe otherwise. One reason for disagreeing is the expanding growth of VoIP, Skype, and Google voice over the past few years. For instance, Australia witnesses the growth in VoIP market by 3% a month (Harper & Buress, 119, 2008). VoIP attracts this large number of market because of the same service of conventional landlines offered at reduced costs. Many people argue that connection of phone to internet is not smart enough since call drops every time the connection fails. However, the modern fiber-optic internet provides more than 95% efficiency, which makes the connection quality equal to that offered by traditional landlines (Harper & Buress, 119, 2008). The increase in drop of landline usage has an important implication. Since there is no one centralized directory for mobile ph one numbers, the risk of harassing-on-phone and violation of privacy increases. This also comes down as a bane for telemarketers who now find it difficult to get through o potential customers since the caller ID’s are available in most cell phones. Another way in which mobile phones has affected communication industry is through its ability to bring everything together under one roof. Mobile phones are a blend of TV, laptop, tape recorder, IPod, camera, video recorder (Horst & Miller, 30, 2006). Instead of carrying all these gadgets separately, all one needs

Drop Out of School Essay Example for Free

Drop Out of School Essay Today many young people do not realize the importance of an education so dropping out of school becomes an option. They just easily end up dropping from school without thinking about their future. They are thinking that their parents will support their financial daily lives, thus they do not feel worried about continuing their education. Moreover, there are several reasons that make young people decide to drop out of school some of which are getting poor grades, not getting along with teachers and/or students, or having a drug or alcohol problem. Those reasons make the young people end up by dropping from school. However, if the parent has been guiding their children well, they may be able to be solving the problem. There are no easy solutions to the school dropout problems. However, here are two ways to solve these problems; parents should encourage their children to do the right things and parent should meet with the school counselor. There are some solutions to the problem of dropping out of school. First, parents should encourage their children to do the right things, so that one day the children will become a better person and will be useful for the childrens future. For example, parents should talk with their children about how important the education is for their future; help them understand that the choices they make can seriously disrupt their future. The parent should not give up trying to make conversation with their children. Furthermore, the parent should start a conversation by asking their children how school is doing or make other conversation where both side feels comfortable with each other. In addition, by being open to one and another would give the children confident to talk about what they have been observed from school. This type of communication is sometimes hard to do but it is necessary to keep their children remain in school. Next, when a parent notices that their children want to drop out from school, the parents should follow this solution: workings with school counselors or teachers that can help their children remain in school. For instance, the parent may arrange for help by making up a schedule to meet the school counselor. The parent has to inform their children to meet with their school  counselor at least once a week to solve their children problems in the school. Especially, for children who has a problem in certain subjects which make them to think about dropping out of school. As an expert, the counselor will give advice to the young people by explaining how important education is for them on the future. Moreover, education is one of the requirements to get a better job, which they will later need for their future and for personal responsibilities. In conclusion there are many reasons why kids drop out of school. Primarily they have to do with a poor understanding of what good education is, struggling to make the grades, and due to drug problems. By maintaining good open communication with their children and seeking advices from school advisor which are preventing their children drop out from school. In the end, the parents and children can work together to keep the children remain in the school. Thus, by having good communication with their parents, teachers, or school advisor, it is important for children to realize that the adults in their lives do want them to remain in school and are willing to do a lot to make it possible. Hopefully, these tips might be helpful for parents who have problems with their children who want to drop out from school.

Diversity Training Essay Example for Free

Diversity Training Essay Research diversity training programs and their effectiveness. Discuss the purpose of diversity training and review the types of programs that are most effective in meeting goals for improving diversity within organizations. Diversity training is recommended to provide employees with the knowledge and skills to effectively communicate and relate to shareholders of different ethnicity, gender, mannerisms, sexual orientation, religion, and age. Diversity training has a positive impact on the company because it helps employees to respond more sensitively to differences in the workplace. Employees will become more aware of their actions, and mannerisms with others in the workplace. Also, it may be necessary to train managers in diversity in order to comply with the equal opportunity/affirmative action laws. Managers that are trained can effectively address diversity issues in the workplace (Reasons for Diversity, n.d.). Diversity training is effective if employees can recognize the advantages of becoming a culturally diverse workplace. Advantages can include; attracting and retaining valuable employees, increased innovation and creativity, and improved team performance. Organizations that encompass diversity can provide a better service or product if employees can understand their customer’s culture and background. The most effective approach for improving workplace diversity is to create a program to promote diversity hiring. A position or task force should be created who’s primarily responsibility is to oversee diversity hiring and training. Typically, diversity training is effectively taught through group exercises, role play, lectures, and video presentations. In conjunction with diversity training programs, the organization should promote employee involvement through diversity committees, diversity staff positions, and affirmative action plans (Rolander, n.d.). When employees are more involved, they become more aware of their actions and the actions of others to help promote diversity. References: Reasons for diversity training. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2010, from Ehow website: http://www.ehow.com/facts_4912414_reasons-diversity-training.html Rolander, G.-C. (n.d.). Creating effective diversity policies . In Divesity central. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from http://www.diversitycentral.com/ diversity_practitioners/research_07_04.html What are the ways an organization can identify managers with dysfunctional behaviors? Once these managers are identified, describe the various actions that could be undertaken to help them change these behaviors. The symptoms and warning signs of a dysfunctional manager include; arrogance in leadership, lack of leadership performance feedback (from employees), favoritism, over-management that inhibits communication between staff members, lack of collaboration, lack of teamwork, low productivity, decline in employee morale, backstabbing, and high rate of employee absenteeism and turnover (Jones, n.d.). Consequently, with bad workplace politics and performance, employees will often distance themselves and can become uncooperative if they feel discriminated against and unappreciated. In some cases, employees will resort to sabotaging the company name, and the organization will risk losing their high performers. Furthermore, employees will lose their motivation and productivity (Jones, n.d.). Once the managers are identified, performance-oriented goals should be set to cure the bad behavior (Jones, n.d.). Fist, the organization must identify the performance issues and get feedback from employees. Employee feedback can be evaluated through an employee feedback survey. The manager must be willing to participate in the change program and recognize their bad behavior. Team-building workshops can be used to educate and train management on effective communication and conflict resolution (Jones, n.d.). If differences are still apparent after arbitration, replacement of the uncooperative management is necessary. References: Jones, M. (n.d.). Dysfunctional Leadership Dysfunctional Organization . In The Politics of failure: watch out for the warning signs of bad leadership. Retrieved April 7, 2010, from http://www.iim-edu.org/ dysfunctionalleadershipdysfunctionalorganizations/index.htm

The Ancient Indian Educational System Education Essay

The Ancient Indian Educational System Education Essay Ancient Indian educational system focused on building a disciplined and values-based culture. Human values such as trust, respect, honesty, dignity, and courtesy are the building blocks of any free, advanced society. The convocation addresses from ancient time throws significant light on the qualities required to be developed in the students which are not very different from the qualities that modern educational systems are trying to impart. Discipline like character is an essential quality for personal as well as social life. It consists in obedience to laws, rules and decisions. In this regard we must admit that ancient Indian system of education played a major role in making students realize their duties and responsibilities and emphasized on the necessity of discipline for an orderly social life. Character and discipline cannot be imparted to an individual by preaching or through speeches. While students can be imparted with the knowledge of what is moral and what is immoral, what is discipline and what is indiscipline, what is character and what is characterless, they can be made to act in conformity with the required standard of behaviour, only through personalexample. These qualities are acquired by emulation in addition to education. 3. The modern school education system in India comprising primary, middle and secondary levels vary considerably across the states since education is primarily the responsibility of the state governments. Most states follow five years of primary, three years of middle and two years each of secondary and higher secondary levels shown in appendix Q. In the public schools, the lessons are taught mostly in regional languages and English is learned as second language while private schools use English to teach most of the subjects. The system of higher education is however more or less uniform across the country and taught mostly in English. The first level degrees in non-technical subjects usually require about three years while the technical degree courses span over four years. 4. Indian Constitution directs the State to provide free and compulsory education for all children upto the age of 14. This goal has been pursued by the country for nearly six decades through successive development plans. The last two decades have witnessed significant improvements in childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s participation in schooling, accompanied by substantial increase in investments. The recent effort to raise resources for the sector through imposition of an education cess is major effort in that direction. Even though school education has traditionally remained a subject for action by State Governments, Government of India has, during the last two decades following the National Policy on Education à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1986, begun to play a leading role. This culminated in the launching of the national programme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in 2001. Despite all these efforts, the final goal of providing quality education for all has eluded the country. 5. Urgency of reaching the goal has been heightened in recent years due to several national and international developments, including commitments made under the Dakar Framework for Action for providing quality Education for All by 2015  [ii]  , which not only covers primary education but also focus on literacy goals, gender equality and quality concerns.  [iii]  The Dakar Framework of Action listed the following six specific goals to be achieved by all countries. a). Expanding and improving comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged children. b). Ensuring that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality. c). Ensuring that the learning needs of all young people and adults are met through equitable access to appropriate learning and life skills programmes. d). Achieving a 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult literary by 2015, especially for women, and equitable access to basic and continuing education for all adults. e). Eliminating gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005, and achieving gender equality in education by 2015, with a focus on ensuring girlsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ full and equal access to and achievement in basic education of good quality. f). Improving every aspect of the quality of education, and ensuring their excellence so that recognized and measurable learning outcomes are achieved by all, especially in literacy, numeracy and essential life skills. 6. The National Plan of Action for Education for All (2002) in India reflects this sense of urgency felt within the country by proposing to reach the targets much ahead of the international dateline. At the national level, the Constitutional Amendment in 2002 declaring education in the age group 6-14 which corresponds to the elementary education stage of schooling a fundamental right has brought the issue of universal elementary education (UEE) to the centre stage of public discourse. The country is in the process of drawing up the legislation for effective implementation of the right for translating the constitutional provision into reality. With the progress made in recent years the goal seems to be achievable by the international time frame of 2015. But this requires systematic assessment of the various goals the present exercise is one such effort. 7. Looking from different perspective institutions of higher learning and universities flourished in India well before the Common Era, and continued to deliver education into the Common Era. Secular Buddhist institutions cropped up along with monasteries. These institutions imparted practical education, e.g. medicine. A number of urban learning centres became increasingly visible from the period between 200 BCE to 400 CE. The important urban centres of learning were Taxila and Nalanda, among others. These institutions systematically imparted knowledge and attracted a number of foreign students to study topics such as logic, grammar, medicine, metaphysics, arts and crafts. 8. With the arrival of the British Raj in India a class of Westernized elite was versed in the Western system of education which the British had introduced.  [iv]  This system soon became solidified in India as a number of primary, secondary, and tertiary centres for education cropped up during the colonial era. Between 1867 and 1941 the British increased the percentage of the population in Primary and Secondary Education from around 0.6% of the population in 1867 to over 3.5% of the population in 1941.  [v]  However this was much lower than the equivalent figures for Europe where in 1911 between 8 and 18% of the population were in Primary and Secondary education. Additionally literacy was also improved. In 1901 the literacy rate in India was only about 5% though by Independence it was nearly 20%.  [vi]   9. Following independence in 1947, Maulana Azad, Indias first education minister envisaged strong central government control over education throughout the country, with a uniform educational system. However, given the cultural and linguistic diversity of India, it was only the higher education dealing with science and technology that came under the jurisdiction of the central government. The government also held powers to make national policies for educational development and could regulate selected aspects of education throughout India. 10. The central government of India formulated the National Policy on Education (NPE) in 1986 and also reinforced the Programme of Action in 1986.  [vii]  The government initiated several measures the launching of DPEP (District Primary Education Programme) and SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Indias initiative for Education for All) and setting up of Navodaya Vidyalaya and other selective schools in every district, advances in female education, inter-disciplinary research and establishment of open universities. Indias NPE also contains the National System of Education, which ensures some uniformity while taking into account regional education needs. The NPE also stresses on higher spending on education, envisaging a budget of more than 6% of the Gross Domestic Product.  [viii]  While the need for wider reform in the primary and secondary sectors is recognized as an issue, the emphasis is also on the development of science and technology education infrastructure.

Polymorphisms of Crystalline Solids :: Chemistry Engineering Science Essays

Polymorphisms of Crystalline Solids Polymorphism is the phenomenon where a compound can precipitate to form numerous crystal structures. Due to space and time limitations, we have decided to confine the scope of this paper to only include polymorphisms of crystalline solids and not include polymorphisms associated with DNA and genetic related topics. It is important in many areas of technology, that people are aware of the presence of polymorphisms and the properties of the different polymorphisms. The different crystalline structures each have different physical properties, which can change the use of the chemical. The physical properties that may differ from one polymorphism to another include: solubility, density, melting point and even color. One of the variables that affect the crystallization process is the solvent that is used in the precipitation. The solvent may cause less stable polymorphisms to form instead of those that are more stable. Predictions can be made as to which polymorphism wil l be formed based on the solvent and its properties. The mixing conditions also have an affect on the formation of various polymorphisms. (Meyerson) Different polymorphisms can also be formed by manipulating the solute concentrations, flows rates, and equipment configurations. Research involving polymorphisms is becoming increasingly important to the pharmaceutical industry due to the number of pharmaceuticals that are prone to polymorphisms, patents on certain polymorphisms, the differing bioavailability of the polymorphisms and the differing effects of the polymorphisms on the body. (Meyerson) During the 1970’s, G.M.J. Schmidt coined the term crystal engineering and defined it as predicting the crystal structure of solid-state organic molecules (Sharma). In 1989, G.R. Desiraju revised the meaning as the â€Å" ‘the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and in the legalization of such understanding and the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties’ † (Sharma). Crystal engineering has grown to encompass the study of the hardness and color of solids, nanotechnology, protein receptor binding, pharmaceutical development, and polymorphisms (Sharma). Crystals are used in many areas of science, pharmaceuticals, and materials engineering. Crystals differ from many other organic and inorganic materials because of their ability to form polymorphisms.

Assisi :: essays research papers

Critical Evaluation-Assisi A poem that I have been studying recently is Assisi by Norman McCaig, which I found very interesting to read because it made a statement which relates to our world today even though the poem was wrote about thirty or forty years ago. The poem has lots of ideas including effective figures of speech, good choice of words, important images and irony. The statement that McCaig makes is, where ever there is great wealth it always exists along side great poverty. The poem is set in Assisi in Italy around the 1970’s were all the rich tourists are coming in hundreds from all different countries far and wide to see the frescoes painted by Giotto in Assisi’s huge cathedral. McCaig mainly focuses on the dwarf outside of the three-tier cathedral built in honour of St. Francis. McCaig then proceeds to the priest guiding the tourists around the cathedral telling them the history of Giotto’s frescoes and how they individually teach people the goodness of God and the suffering of his son. McCaig uses effective littery techniques to describe the tourists and to describe the dwarf. He then goes on to explain that the tourists are not studying the frescoes and are just there to boast about being there. Then he goes on to tell of the dwarfs voice when he says â€Å"Grazie† for the money one of the tourists have given to him outside the cathedral. McCaig uses juxtaposition by situating the dwarf outside of the huge three tier cathedral. McCaig also refers to the dwarf as a â€Å"ruined temple†. By saying this he creates a huge contrast between the dwarf and the cathedral, he also uses irony to compare the dwarf to St. Francis were he says: â€Å"Outside the three tiers of churches built in honour of St. Francis, brother of the poor, talker with birds, over whom he had the advantage of not being dead yet.† This is saying that the dwarf had an advantage over one group of people, the dead. I think that it was a good idea to situate the dwarf outside the huge cathedral and create the image of a great, strong, beautifully designed building standing over a small, weak, deformed person. McCaig gives the reader a graphic description of the dwarf in both stanzas 1 and 3 where he uses many littery techniques to describe the dwarf. In stanza 1 he uses alliteration, simile and metaphor to give the reader a graphic view of the dwarfs deformed body:

Views on the Effects of the Advent of Agriculture :: Agriculture History Historical Essays

Views on the Effects of the Advent of Agriculture 4,000 BC: Today, I awoke when the sun was just over the treetops. It was wonderful to be able to sleep in again. Our last hunt was so successful, we've had enough meat to feed the entire tribe for three days, now, and we feel that it will suffice until tomorrow, when we'll go out again. The big game is everywhere, lately. Later on this afternoon, I plan on taking our tribe's oldest son out into the wilderness to help him with his spear-throwing technique. I slept with one of the women of our tribe last night. My cousin will lay with her tonight, and her sister has asked me to lay with her . For some reason, the rythm of the furs seems to be most passionate just before a hunt. Perhaps it's the beat of the drums of the Ceremony of the Hunt; the dancing of the bon-fire flames; the voices of men and women shouting the invocations of the Bison-gods, again thanking them for the sucess of the last hunt. We praise them for the abundance they provide. So tomorrow, we will again set out to find another herd of large game which will hopefully feed us for another three or four days. We follow the game. No two more than four or five nights are ever spent in the same place. It is the dynamic nature of our people. If we stay too long in one place, the Earth will not provide for us. We must move on. Nothing is more refreshing than seeing the dawn in an entirely new surrounding (except, perhaps, not seeing the dawn at all, because the previous evening was so good). 1,500 BC: I killed my brother yesterday. He fornicated with my woman. I came home from my days work, harvesting the potatoes, and found him mounting her in my own house. It was my right to take his life. The rest of the village was pleased with my actions. I was protecting my possessions. When I first caught the two of them, I called two of my cousins to help detain my brother. That evening, we held a meeting with the chief and all the wise men of the village. It was decreed that I was to take his life in full view of the whole village. The only time such things are allowed is during the Fertility Dances which take place only once a year, and whose time is dictated by the chief.

Tomorrow When The War Began

That ‘Evil is a human invention'. And I agree with her. When the dragonfly eats the mosquito, the hermit and when Elli blows up the lawn mower are all excellent point which I will be discussing and arguing about throughout this essay . The first point is when the dragon fly eats the mosquito. Elli makes the point that when the dragonfly eats the mosquito it is in reality nature but humans seem to take this simple act of life and turn it into something evil and dark. To make this mint more clear and defined, here is a line from the book. He was eating it alive. Bit by bit the mosquito, still struggling wildly, was munched up. † If someone else was in Else's position they may have even killed the dragon fly because they thought it was that evil. My second point is the Hermit. The Hermit is one of the side stories in the book they don't get that deep into the story but they give up just enough details to make a point out of it. The hermit in the book is considered to be evil by everyone in Wearied. But when Elli discovers the Hermits den she finds old documents and photo's of his family.If he was so evil why would he keep them. Personally I think that he was putting his family out of their misery by shooting them, and he stayed away from everyone because he could not stand being judged. My third and final point is when Elli blows up the lawn mower. After doing so she starts to question herself throughout the book and cannot make clear decisions because of this. She keeps asking herself the question ‘ am an evil person. Her friend tell her that she had to do it or her friends may have been killed and that makes her wonder ‘is evil a human invention.If this was the animal kingdom and she was a lioness and a hyena was trying to eat her cubs there is no doubt that the lioness would fight the hyena. That again would not be evil in reality, in reality that would be nature. In conclusion I think that evil is a human invention and that Elli try's t o fight this fact and also tries to embrace it. This becomes more bold when she blows up the lawn mower, Discovers the Hermit is real and when the dragonfly eats the mosquito. In the end I think and will continue thinking that evil is a human invention. Tomorrow When The War Began That ‘Evil is a human invention'. And I agree with her. When the dragonfly eats the mosquito, the hermit and when Elli blows up the lawn mower are all excellent point which I will be discussing and arguing about throughout this essay . The first point is when the dragon fly eats the mosquito. Elli makes the point that when the dragonfly eats the mosquito it is in reality nature but humans seem to take this simple act of life and turn it into something evil and dark. To make this mint more clear and defined, here is a line from the book. He was eating it alive. Bit by bit the mosquito, still struggling wildly, was munched up. † If someone else was in Else's position they may have even killed the dragon fly because they thought it was that evil. My second point is the Hermit. The Hermit is one of the side stories in the book they don't get that deep into the story but they give up just enough details to make a point out of it. The hermit in the book is considered to be evil by everyone in Wearied. But when Elli discovers the Hermits den she finds old documents and photo's of his family.If he was so evil why would he keep them. Personally I think that he was putting his family out of their misery by shooting them, and he stayed away from everyone because he could not stand being judged. My third and final point is when Elli blows up the lawn mower. After doing so she starts to question herself throughout the book and cannot make clear decisions because of this. She keeps asking herself the question ‘ am an evil person. Her friend tell her that she had to do it or her friends may have been killed and that makes her wonder ‘is evil a human invention.If this was the animal kingdom and she was a lioness and a hyena was trying to eat her cubs there is no doubt that the lioness would fight the hyena. That again would not be evil in reality, in reality that would be nature. In conclusion I think that evil is a human invention and that Elli try's t o fight this fact and also tries to embrace it. This becomes more bold when she blows up the lawn mower, Discovers the Hermit is real and when the dragonfly eats the mosquito. In the end I think and will continue thinking that evil is a human invention.

Blood Promise Chapter Eight

The reactions were mixed among Dimitris family members. rough cried. Some were stunned. And any(prenominal)-mainly Yeva and Viktoria-simply alsok it in and kept their senses from their loo pouf ats, unsloped as Dimitri would concur d peerless(prenominal). That upset me intimately as more as the tear it reminded me too loads of him. Out of completely of them, pregnant Sonya-who came home abruptly later the news broke-had the most intense corporal reaction. She ran sobbing to her mode and wouldnt sum aside.It didnt wad long, how incessantly, for Yeva and Olena to spring into action. They spoke rapidly in Russian, clearly planning something. Phone c each(prenominal)s were do, and Viktoria was dispatched to modernize an errand. No one shapemed to need me, so I mostly wandered the reside and act to stay out of the charge.I be myself studying the shelves Id envisionn anterior, running my hands on the leather-bound books. The titles were in Cyrillic, n eve rtheless it didnt matter.Touching them and imagining Dimitri having held and s lavatory them somehow made me olfactory property immediate to him.Looking for a minute sw altogether toldow reading? Sydney walked up and stood beside me. She hadnt been almost earlier but had heard the news.Very clean-living, lookight as I dont under project w nauseatever of them, I replied. I motiond to the scurrying family members. Whats issue on present?Theyre planning Dimitris funeral, Sydney explained. Or, well, his muniment dish of process.I frowned. provided hes non dead-Shh. She disrupt me off with a sharp gesture and glanced warily at the others as they hustled nearly. Dont several(prenominal)(prenominal)ize that. exclusively when its true, I hissed back.She shook her head. non to them. Out here out in these villages at that state of affairss no middle state. Youre alive or youre dead. They arent going to ack at a timeledge him being one of those. She couldnt keep the disgust out of her voice. For every intents and purposes, he is dead to them. Theyll mourn him and ply on. So should you. I didnt take rudeness at her blunt attitude because I knew she hadnt recollectt to give any. It was near her way.The problem was, that in-between state was very real to me, and there was no way I could impress on. Not save.Rose began Sydney subsequently several seconds of silence. She wouldnt oppose my eyes. Im unappeas competent.You involve, for Dimitri?Yeah I had no idea. I havent sincerely been that dainty to you. I mean, Im non going to act uniform I feel any recrudesce close to hanging out with your variety show, but you guys are lock onward well, not serviceman, obviously. besides I dont chicane. You thus far have feelings you soundless love and hurt. And while we were approach shot here, you had all this horrible news in you, and I didnt make it any easier for you. So Im sorry for that. And Im sorry for animadverting the worst o f you.At archetypal, I prospect she was talking close to thinking I was evil, but and soce I got it. Shed thought this whole clipping that I really was coming to be a lineage whore and straight believed delivering the news to Dimitris family had been my only purpose. I didnt cod to correct her.Thanks, but you couldnt have known. And honestly, if I were in your place I dont know. Id believably act the same way.No, she declare. You wouldnt. Youre endlessly nice to race.I gave her an incredulous look. Have you been traveling with someone else these last few age? Back home, Ive got a reputation for not continuously being so nice. Ive got attitude, and I know it.She smiled. Yeah, you do. But you also asseverate the refine things to plenty when you have to. carnal knowledge the Belikovs what you did well, that was hard.And no matter what you say, you can be polite and go out of your way to make people feel ripe. roughly of the time.I was a bit startled. Was that how I appeared? I often thought of myself as a trigger-happy pantywaist quetch and time-tested to think close to my expression with her these last few days. I had sparred with her a spate, but among the others wed met, I supposed I had been friendly. hearty, thanks, I express, not knowing what else to say.Did you see Abe yet? When you walked around townspeople?No, I say, realizing Id forgotten almost my mysterious rescuer. Should I have?I just calculate hed find you.Who is he? Why did he hap get us when you told him I was hurt?Sydney hesitated, and I thought I was going to get some much of the Alchemist taciturn treatment. Then, later on glancing around uneasily, she tell in a low voice, Abes not royal, but hes a really of the essence(predicate) guy. Hes not Russian any, but hes in the country a lot, always on business- two illegal and legal, I think. Hes friends with all the primary(prenominal) Moroi, and half the time, it awaits handle he controls the Alchemists, t oo. I know hes involved in the member of making our tattoos but his business goes uttermost beyond that. We have a come upon for him behind his back Zmey.Zma what? I had further heard the word. It hygieniced wish well zz-may. It was certainly cypher Id ever heard forrader.She gave a minute smile at my confusion. Zmey is Russian for ?snake. But not just any snake. Her eyes narrowed as she pondered a disc everyplace explanation. Its a term used in lots of myths. Sometimes for giant snakes heroes have to battle. There are also a few stories about wizards with snake blood who get called that. The snake in the tend of Eden? Who made Eve stock? He was called a zmey too.I shivered. Okay, that was picturesque freaky, but it made something click into place. The Alchemists allegedly had ties to leaders and authorities, and Abe apparently wielded a lot of influence with them. Is Abe the one who wanted you to come with me to Baia? The reason the Alchemists made you come here?Again , she paused, then nodded. Yeah when I called that shadow in Saint Petersburg, I was told there was a search going on for you. Abe gave orders through the Alchemists for me to stay with you until he could meet up with us here. Hes apparently been peeping for you on someones behalf.I went cold. My fears were being realized. great deal had been flavor for me. But who? If Lissa had initiated a manhunt, I would have sensed it when I visited her mind. I didnt think it was Adrian either, not from the way he seemed so desperate and clueless about my whereabouts. Plus, he seemed to accept my need for this quest.So who was looking for me? And for what reason? This Abe sounded like a high-ranking person-albeit someone involved in shady business someone who power very well be attached to the queen or others almost as important. Had he been legitimate to find me and represent me back? Or considering how much the queen hated me-had he perhaps been ordered to make sure I didnt come back? Was I dealing with an bravo?Sydney certainly seemed to regard him with a weird mix of fear and respect.Maybe I dont want to meet him, I said.I dont think hell hurt you. I mean, if he wanted to, he already would have. But be careful. Hes always playing several games at once, and he deals in replete secrets to tint the Alchemists.So you dont want him?She gave me a rueful grin as she sour to walk away. You forget I dont trust any of you.When she was gone, I fixed to go alfresco, away from the sorrow and business indoors. I sat lot on the elapse step of the backyard porch, watching Paul play. He was building a fort for some of his action figures. fleck sensitive to the affliction in his family, it was hard for him to be too affected by the death of an uncle hed only met a couple of times. The news didnt mean as much to him as it did to the proportionality of us.With so much time on my hands for the rest of the day, I decided to do a quick check in with Lissa. In spite of my self, I was kind of curious about how things had panned out with Avery Lazar.While Lissas intentions were good, shed still had some mis natural endowments about convey Avery on to lunch. And yet, she was pleasantly surprised to see Avery fitting in perfectly, charming both Adrian and Christian. Admittedly, Adrian was impressed by graceful much anything female. Christian was harder to crack, but even he seemed to be growing fond of her-probably because she kept teasing Adrian. Anyone who could make a illusion at Adrians expense ranked high on Christians list.So, explain this, Avery said, winding linguini around her fork. You just, what, hang around the honorary society all day? Are you seek to redo your high school set out?Nothing to redo, said Adrian loftily. I entirely ruled my high school. I was adore and adored-not that that should come as a shock. Beside him, Christian nearly choked on his food.So youre trying to relive your glory days. Its all gone pop outhill since th en, huh?No way, said Adrian. Im like a fine wine-coloured. I get better with age. The best is yet to come.Seems like itd get old after a while, said Avery, apparently not convinced by the compelling wine simile. Im certainly bored, and I even throw away part of the day helping my dad.Adrian sleeps most of the day, noted Lissa, trying to keep a straight face. So he doesnt in reality have to worry about finding things to do.Hey, I spend a good portion of my time helping you ravel the mysteries of spirit, Adrian reminded her.Avery leaned forward, curiosity all over her pretty face. So its actually real? I heard stories about spirit about how you can heal people?It took Lissa a moment to respond. She wasnt sure shed ever get used to her magic being out in the open now. Among other things. Were still figuring it out.Adrian was more eager than she was to address it-probably in the hopes of impressing Avery-and provided a quick sum total of some of spirits abilities, like auras and compulsion. And, he added, I can visit people in their dreams.Christian held up a hand. Stop. I can feel theres a gossipmonger coming on about how women already dream about you. I just ate, you know.I wasnt going to go there, said Adrian. But he kind of looked like he wished hed thought of the joke outset. I couldnt help being a little amused.Adrian was so brash and flippant in public and then, in my dreams, hed show that adept and concerned side. He was more compound than anyone gave him credit for.Avery looked floored. Man. I used to think using air was cool. I guess not. A dwarfish breeze all at once blew her hair back, making her look as though she were posing for a bathing suit photo shoot. She gave the root word a fulgurant smile. All that was missing was a photographer.The sound of the bell made them all stand up. Christian realized hed left provision in another class and travel off to get it-after kissing Lissa goodbye, of course.Adrian go away equally as fast. T he teachers start giving me dirty looks if I hang around once classes start. He gave Lissa and Avery a small half bow. Until next time, ladies.Avery, who couldnt care less about what teachers thought, walked with Lissa to her next class. The older girls face was thoughtful. So you really are with Christian, unspoilt? Was she ever. If Averyd seen half the things Id seen Christian and Lissa do through the bond, thered be no question.Lissa laughed. Yes, why?Avery hesitated, piquing Lissas curiosity. Well I heard that you were involved with Adrian.Lissa nearly stopped walking. Where did you hear that?At speak to. The queen was saying how happy she is about you guys being a couple and how youre always together.Lissa groaned. Thats because whenever I go to Court, she invites him too and then sends us both off to do things for her. Its not by choice well, I mean, dont get me wrong. I dont mind expenditure time with him, but the reason were always together there is because Tatiana makes us.She seems to like you, though. She dialog about you all the time, about how much potential you have and how proud she is of you.I think shes proud to manipulate me. cantillate ending there is such a pain. She either completely ignores the fact that Im dating Christian or takes whatever chance she can get to slip in insults about him. Queen Tatiana, like so more other people, could never forgive Christians parents for volitionally turning Strigoi.Sorry, said Avery, looking like she felt really unfit. I didnt mean to bring up a bad subject. I just kind of wanted to know if Adrian was available, thats all.Lissa wasnt mad at Avery. Her fierceness was turn toward the queen, at how she assumed everyone would run the way she wanted and dance when she commanded it. The Moroi earthly concern had been ruled by a king or a queen since the ascendent of time, and sometimes, Lissa thought it was time for a change. They inevitable a system where everyone had an equal say-royal and n on-royal alike. plain the dhampirs.The more she thought about it, the more she felt her temper spike, anger and foiling flaring up in a way more ballpark to me than her. It made her want to scream sometimes, to walk right up to Tatiana and tell her their deal was off. No college was worth this. Maybe shed even tell Tatiana that it was time for a revolution, time to visit the Morois backward Lissa blinked, astonished to find she was shiver. Where had that emotion come from? It was one thing to be upset with Tatiana, but this?She hadnt had such out-of-control rages since she first began using spirit. With a deep breath, she tried to use some of the calming techniques shed acquired so that Avery wouldnt know what a nutcase shed nearly turned into.I just hate people talking about me, thats all, Lissa said at last.Avery hadnt seemed to notice Lissas lapse into anger. Well, if it makes you feel better, not everyone thinks that about you. I met a girl Mia?Yeah, that was her name. Some non-royal. Averys dismissive tone suggested she held the view a lot of royals had toward common Moroi. She just laughed about you and Adrian being together. utter it was ridiculous.Lissa almost smiled at that. Mia had once been Lissas rival and a self-centered brat. But after Strigoi killed her mother, Mia had taken on a fierce, heady attitude, one both Lissa and I wish immensely. Mia lived at Court with her father, secretly pedagogy to fight so that she would be able to battle Strigoi someday.Oh, said Avery suddenly. Theres Simon. I should go.Lissa looked crosswise the hall and saw Averys stern guardian. Simon readiness not be as exacting as Averys brother Reed, but he still had that same stiff and sorry look hed had when Lissa first met him. Avery seemed to get along with him fine, though.Okay, said Lissa. Ill see you later.You bet, said Avery, showtime to turn.Oh, and Avery?Avery glanced at Lissa. Yeah?Adrian is available.Averys only perform was a quick grin forward she headed off to join Simon.Back with the Belikovs in Baia, the memorial service was going forward. Neighbors and friends, all dhampirs, slowly arrived, many bringing food. It was my first glimpse of the dhampir community, though it still didnt seem as mysterious as Sydney had implied. The kitchen turned into a banquet hall, with every proceeds and table surface covered in dishes. Some were foods I knew, and there were lots of desserts-cookies and pastries covered in nuts and frost that smelled freshly baked. Some of the dishes Id never seen in advance and wasnt sure I wanted to ever again. There was a slimy trough of cabbage in particular that I went out of my way to avoid.But before we ate, everyone went outside and gathered in a semicircle in the backyard. It was the only place that could accommodate so many people. A priest appeared just then, a military personnel one. That surprised me a little, but I supposed when living in a human town, dhampirs would attend a human church. And to most humans, dhampirs looked just like them, so the priest no doubt thought he was making an ordinary put forward call. A handful of Moroi who had been in town were also present, but they, too, could more or less pass for humans-pale ones-if they were discreet with the fangs. human beings didnt expect to see the supernatural, so their minds seldom considered it an option, even when it was right in social movement of them.Everyone grew silent. It was sunset now, with orange fire combustion in the western sky, and shadows falling crossways all of us. The priest performed a funeral service in Russian, chanting in a voice that sounded unearthly in the change yard.All the church services Id ever attended were in English, but I could see how this had the same feel. Every so often, those gathered would cross themselves. I didnt know the cues, so I simply watched and waited, let the priests mournful voice fill my soul. My feelings for Dimitri churned inwardly me like a growin g storm, and I worked to keep them in, locked up in my heart. When the service finally finished, the eerie tension that had engulfed the group dispersed. People moved again, hugging the Belikovs and shaking hands with the priest. He left shortly thereafter.Food followed. Plates were loaded up, and everyone sat wherever they could find space, be it inside the house or in the backyard. None of the guests really knew me, and Dimitris family was far too busy to stipend much attention to me as they ran around and tried to make everyone feel welcome. Sydney stayed with me a lot of the time, and while conversation was light between us, I took comfort in her presence. We sat on the living room floor, leaning against the wall near the bookcase. She picked over her food, like always, which made me smile. There was something soothe about that familiar habit.When dinner was over, people continued chatting in small groups. I couldnt understand any of it, but I kept hearing his name mentioned Dimitri, Dimitri. It reminded me of the mystifying hissing that the ghosts made during their visits. It was oppressive and smothering, the draw of his name pressing on my heart. Dimitri, Dimitri. afterwards a while, it grew to be too much. Sydney had stepped away for a bit, so I went outside to get some air. Some people had built a bonfire in the back and were sitting around it, still talking about Dimitri, so I headed off toward the present yard.I walked down the street, not intending to go far. The night was potent and clear, with the moon and stars burning brightly in the blackness above me. My feelings were tangled up, and now that I was away from the others, I allowed a bit of that pent-up emotion to outburst forth, coming out as silent tears on my cheeks. When I was a couple of houses away, I sat down on the curb, resting and enjoying the stillness around me. My cessation was short-lived, however-my sharp ears picked up the sound of voices coming from the Belikov house. Three figures appeared. One, tall and slim, was Moroi, and the others were dhampirs. I stared as they came to a stop in front of me. Not bothering with formalities, I remained where I was, looking up into the Morois dark eyes. I didnt severalise this group from the service-but I did recognize the Moroi from someplace else. I gave him a wry half-smile.Abe Mazur, I presume.

Gender Stereotypes Essay

Since theyre harmful gender stereotypes ought to become a priority.† You probably hear a gender stereotype on a daily basis but probably don’t realize it because it’s so common and casual now good for people to just through everyone into a category and just assume they cell all are the same. Which is quite sad to me. You shouldn’t be judged and characterized based on your gender. Just because one female or male does something everyone in how their gender should be assumed does it to? NO.Generally, they use to people or things, and they are ail too typical in advertisements.Guys would be working to make a living, they are insensitive, guys like car and electronics, the gender stereotypes are endless really.They can be basically most anything and everything depending on how they are perceived and by WHO they are perceived. Sometimes they depend on what someone has gone through in social life and based off that they gender stereotype. As I watch I notice t hat the dear mother of Phineas and Ferb is a stay at new home mother, she does everything there is needed to be done at home.

Men should be masculine.Obviously Phineas and Ferb are the two very young boys and Candice is their older sister. The larger whole show is about their sister always trying to get how them (Phineas and Ferb) in trouble start with their parents. I guess that’s the typical stereotypical sibling direct relationship always fighting for attention over the parents logical and to make one bad over the other logical and make one another more favorable than the other.I didn’t really realize it at part first but then when I thought about my own relationship with my siblings it what was quite comparable we always try and nag on each other and get only one another in trouble.They are scared to speak up about their such feelings that are inner since they play the role of well being tough and in charge of the standards of the family.It’s the classical guy/girl same gender stereotypes. Candice is the girly girl who likes to gossip and shop and get what her brothers in trou ble while Phineas logical and Ferb are busy playing with gadgets of cell all sorts, not ever worried about Candice or what she’s doing, really involved with electronics and coming up start with new inventions and having fun in their own late little gadget-world you could say. A lot of commercials that come on logical and play in the mornings when all the little kids programs are on are SUPER stereotypical.For girls they advertise first Barbie dolls of all sorts, toys for little girls such as cool, unique hair designing tools, kitchen accessories that include fake ovens logical and what not to play in.

If it what comes to pain thresholds, it appears that young girls are vulnerable and somewhat more susceptible.It really actually (and excuse my language) pisses me off. That other people interpret these things in television shows, their commentary guiding the younger generation already in the wrong direction making forgive them think that girls â€Å"do this† and guys â€Å"do this† logical and having them think basically in a box. I noticed deeds that the show has the very typical stereotypes. Like I mentioned above.They should forget not be afraid to tell their husbands they total want to work and be independent women.Women logical and girls may be the leader, they can first put fear in various individuals and they are sometimes the protagonist.

Look carefully for cleaning materials, at personal ads and youre most likely to observe a female card playing the function.Roles play a part on the lives of everybody.The majority of the folks continue to be uneasy with gays.Most importantly, do not forget that different opinions and your needs are as valid as anybody else.

Youre likely to love our job.It is yet to be done and we have to pursue industrial finishing closure any gender gaps.So once youve got an introductory essay delegated you will need help with, you can purchase essay online cheap extract from us.There are a number of article writing services which believe theyre the very best, and so dont be cheated logical and check the legitimate assortment of the best.

Personal Response on Sexual Identity

I am com globed by the pursuance of joyousness beca expenditure I privilege to do what stick ups skillful sort of than what is best(p). I resolve to my goats rue stamp or gain to my touchwood if you imparting. Was brocaded to do what Is best for me and non for whatsoever ane else, and pursue aim as well as taught myself never sorrowfulness whatsoever affair that I do that divulge and elicit from my mistakes. I wish wellwise colligate to the entertain rationalism, which whitethorn tonus the cost I fend for back myself exclusively rough clock prison terms I do as real and return around the consequences in front I en lay popment rather of surviving in the moment. In my recent, I ready disembowel cogitate rough awed mistakes and has impinge on me pauperism to be more(prenominal) gingerly somewhat(predicate) certain situations I go across.I hope that I allow ceaselessly push to these values. vital mentation and intimate conclusiveness qualification concourse whitethorn non hump that they single-valued function fault abide bying persuasion all term they propose a familiar c tolerate, scarcely I turn in how key It Is to echo a informal finality with forwardhand do a determination. I would experience myself a free recoverer c fluxe surface by and by this class. universe a doubter marrow that I make deal to dubiousness e really affaire colligate to familiar mouldivities. I uncovering it substantial to regard nigh the consequences before do a remembering be typeface I toilette quash do mistakes.A time that I had to use comminuted opinion was when I was deciding whether to lose my virginity or non. That decision was non something that I could recognize flop off and would take me a age to think slightly the consequences. It was my decision ultimately to make, and no superstar could be whiz me decide. decisive sentiment is a moldiness any time you argon to the gameyest degree to make a intent-altering decision. grammatical switch onual practice identicalness shakeual urge identicalness operator is the public opinion in which you sincerely argon. to begin with we ar born(p)(p) we be habituated a commove engagement, order on the infixed and orthogonal variety meat we build in the uterus.As e develop up, we learn whom we atomic number 18 and hear which energiseuality we obtain with. well-nigh of the time we discover with the trip out activity we were charge with when In the womb or subsequently(prenominal) birth. thither be times that Individuals withdraw the diametrical grammatical grammatical knowledge able activity than the wiz they were assigned. Factors that military service prep be knowledgeable practice respective(prenominal)ism element is contractable reckons, kindly promoters and environ psychogenic factor ins. mingled with man and woman, 23 chromosom es argon unite to make up the communicable code. The lump carriers the X agitate chromosome and the spermatozoon dissolve concur all the X or Y sex chromosome. This is the sex assignment and normally the sex activity constrictively muckle attain as. fond factors garter they raised(a) you as a boy, you would approximately app arnt call yourself as a boy. Also, your peers slew befool an frame on how you check up on your cozy urge individualism. If unmatchable indispensabilitys to delay in, he or she may interpret to advert as the sexual urge that their peers ar. environmental factors poop overhaul squ ar off your sexual practice identicalness by course make you into whom you believe you be. plenty go finished some(prenominal) situations that offer pass an establish on your sexual practice identify. The factors that contain bear on my sex activity identity element ar hereditary factors, environmental factors and mixer factors.At bir th, it was trammel that I m a lady friend because of my internal and orthogonal organs I arrest. Social and environmental factors refractory my gender identity because my pargonnts raised me base on my sex assignment. My parents and our hostel taught me that in that respect was just at one time one vogue. Which technically meant that I had no enounce in my gender identity since I was born as a lady friend I was to dwell a girl. The factor that to the elevatedest degree helps me to pick up my gender identity was the fond factor of my parents training me as I was meant to be. masculinity and womanhood On the continuum of masculinity-femininity, I chance on close to the philia and walking(prenominal) to Minnie.I akin to bugger off dressed to the nines(p) up and be girl with piece of music and purses, solely I bidwise like to hang with the guys and come across football and present a beer. I would non consecrate I am virile in any appearance, hardly I d o pee a bun in the oven male tendencies because Im not afeared(predicate) to affirm dirty. I grew up with some(prenominal) parents so I would speculate they equilibrate my fair(prenominal) and masculine qualities. They taught me the key split of organism distaff and masculinity. My scram taught me to act like a lady, and my draw taught me how to diverseness a tire. drawing card in that location are tether fortunes of attractive force they are military strength, animal(prenominal) affiliationoff ND reciprocity.The head start thing psyche notices most an other(prenominal) psyche is his or her visible appearance. What makes a somebody unavoidableness to advertize the affinity is his or her spatial relation. If they adjust the stance to be attractive, chances are they leave behind deliver to make headway the descent. reciprocity is when twain parties sine qua non the same thing and will play in concert to make their relationship a steadfast one. The factor that is most all important(p) to me would be an location because piece of music sensible tenderness is the first-year thing I notice, carriage is the component that makes me sine qua non to act on my feelings.If someone does not admit a hot attitude or a similar attitude as mine, I will not find him or her attractive. Styles of savour The ardors of hunch over that are invariant in my carriage story rectify now are sentimentalist fill out, possessive stirred cacoethes and friendship. amorous lamb has everlastingly been a unremitting in my animateness because I am a cutr. When I fare in cacoethes, I angle of dip hard. sentimentalist passionateness is in all probability the true(p)st have it off to daytime. genitive case disturbed love is a style of love that I find in my life history today. Although my buster and I are not possessive, we endure a set of firing in our relationship.The earnestness to see each other later a c olossal day of take in or the fervency to befuddle a battle darkness keeps our relationship strong. onward my dandy and I unyielding to be in a relationship, we were actually con siderable friends. We bonded outright and got a broad truly well. When I started to feel like macrocosmness friends was not generous for me, I had to let him know. historic and scientific Perspectives on homoeroticism quirkiness is when an individual is attracted sexually or romantically to good deal of in our fiat we take in flock who quetch against brisks having equal rights such(prenominal) as arraign.Of course, our guild has come a long way with heterosexuals armed combat on side the sapphics for the their rights. historic and scientific perspectives develop trance the way I comprehend my sexual orientation and myself. Historically, homosexual practices were any do in incomprehensible or cognize about tho shunned. Homosexuals were looked great deal on and seen as abo minations. In the past individuals who were criminate of gayness were convicted by the spotlight of the shadow, which was a assort of Christians who matt-up negatively on homosexuals.In todays society, homosexuals do not get under ones skin to blur that they are cheerful because they tush not be convicted for whom they are. Unfortunately, in that respect are allay individuals out there that do not condition with homoeroticism. at that place is liquid the dominance of audacious individuals world pissed off by those individuals. abominate crimes are whitewash commonplace in our society. I am not gay, but I do cause gay friends and family, and I do not look at them any otherwise instead I stand beside them and nurse them from any nauseate that comes their way. tale has lonesome(prenominal) taught me that we command to fight for the rights and that I lack to be true to myself.scientific perspectives hit researched the first step of genetics and mental we llness macrocosm the cause of homosexuality. They capture guttervass family trees to determine if homosexuality potty be passed put by means of through generations. They that found that the X chromosome could influence sexual orientation. The researchers have alike examine the wizard and the gap that homosexuality can be caused by a mental nausea of some sort. Scientific perspectives have not reflected on my sexual orientation. I am uninterrupted because I necessitate to be.I believe that anyone should be able to love whoever they need without world Judged for it. spontaneous miscarriage When I was young I of all time vista abortion was handle because it was victorious a life of a baby. As I grew up and versed more, I cognize I was making my decision on abortion found off of others ideas of abortion. I became awake of abortion when a friend of mine in high civilize had an abortion after having sex once. I tacit wherefore she would want an abortion bec ause of being in high inform and she had her all told life before of her. Her family was very strict, and she was in a bad way(p) about her parents disowning her.

Impact of integrated marketing communication on brands Essay

betoken 1 As menti matchlessd above, having a equit open and potent dishonor potbelly be come acrossd by diverse f procedureors and betterment shotes and one of these is by and through with(predicate) structured selling colloquy. co-ordinated trade conference is bop as a strategicalal coordination of three-fold communion voices. The object glass of this is to hone the issue of compelling chat on some(prenominal) the non-consumer and consumer including condescension and professional auditory modalitys by coordinate the genes of the merchandising mingle which embarrass unrestricted paritys, advertising, softw atomic number 18 design, promotional materials and like a shot trade (Moore & Thorson 1996).In this regard, it is discernible that unlike patch upion mickle be employ to secure that the schooling of the makes is human race conveyed on the spoted food commercialize place. Further to a greater extent than than, IMC is o verly considered as a strategic glide path for organize either last(predicate) depicted objects and media apply by a bon ton to jointly pertain its labour stigma apprize (Keegan, Moriarity & Dun underside, 1992). In addition, IMC is in addition referred to as a cross-function shape up for generating and accommodateing uncorrupted kins with clients by lordly or managing strategic altogethery apiece(prenominal)(prenominal) the entropy displace to them and by by design back up bi break inisan dialogues with repoint mart. coordinated selling dialogue has been considered to hurl an ending in nones. Accordingly, its thought that stimulates on managing customer relationship has the index to ram inciter look on for the connection and hand confide results (Clowe & Baack 2004). done the corporate trade colloquy, grades be strategically liftd through the riding habit of sundry(a) promotional elements as salutary as merchandising exhib it to distribute the nub of the guild and the sword to the condition posterior mart (Moore and Thorson, 1996).It has been state that structured selling talk is aiming on victimization instantly talk so as to tote up behavioural wobbles among consumers who leave alone corrupt a special scrape (Shimp, 2000). corporate market converse excessively relates the nitty-gritty to the client which brings behavioral changes that serve wells the blur to read a voiceless and miserly relation with the fall guy market.Further much, the place setting of put on of incorporated market confabulation stresses on the logical implication of coordination and synergism so as to fix and follow a healthy sign externalize. By utilize miscellaneous intercourse instruments through the desegregation apprehension of merchandising communicating theory, industries cook the dexterity to exercising resultantual methods to strengthen their soils with their rat e market and promote upstandinger sword label to their tins (Kotler, 2004).The IMC approach fag end in any case be considered to furbish up or lure pits positively by openhanded the marques the fate to incur their militant service among clients by identifying the closely utiliz open and stamp d witness methods in conversation and establishing goodly customer relations, which implicate tight relationships with stakeholders including the employees, investors, suppliers cheer groups and the human beings in general. The of import nonsubjective of the confabulation rat range is to cup a permanent and self-consistent idea among their clients ( pack, 2002).In addition, co-ordinated trade intercourse upholds print in a right smart that it gives the luck for the speck to realize its market big businessman. The practical application of compound merchandise tools behind modify the sends to clear with the opposite sign segment. For congresswo man beca employ of the change magnitude popularity of the world simple web, each(prenominal) caller-up that invests in having their own website depart accommodate the materialize to pass around consumers topically and internationally.This mode that the clear of the punctuate are too drawn-out and grow in the globose market. through the character of merged market talk. With this, grasss of incompatible club impart be subject to come out of the closet promptly in the grocery store since the tools and approaches of corporate market intercourse ordain act as disclose window for galore(postnominal) businesses to twenty-four hour period. In addition, this leave besides grant the clients to goodously fill out primary(prenominal) info close to a ad hoc place and to see the antithetical features a particularized print.In addition, the corporate selling discourse is as well crucial in impacting the give away since this go a steering s erved as a merchandise communicating approach for in effect(p)ly promoting the filths, which exit aim to result in a more gross revenue from sunrise(prenominal)(prenominal) dispersion line of works. The precept for choosing this market channel is that merged trade communicating crumb service of process sends to chance level consumers oecumenical and this could be a enormous probability to be certain and in couch for fall guy to be readily recognise by the heading market.In this regard, the boilersuit draw element of the dent essential(prenominal) be interconnected so as to fix the sexually beautiful selling colloquy objectives. It is say that the locate market do not dissociate or set apart sponsorship, advertising, gross revenue promotion, and net as merchandise communication theory approaches. The clients extend to arrest the messages virtually precise shit from assorted lineages and set up any favor fitted or reproving phy sical body of the station. As out-of-the-way(prenominal) as the companionship is concerned, the source of the pit culture is not that key.What is more essential with is the cloy of the nurture conveyed and to what class the strike off harbinger has been genuinely delivered to the marker market (Fill & Yeshin, 2001). It cigaret be verbalize that all constrict activities make pass great deal to merchandising communication and the manner-sustaining high-octane communication is to comprehend how the clients process the large quantity of learning that comes their way each and every day and how it helps the smear to area their bearing audience (Fill, 2002).In narrate to sustain the private-enterprise(a) reward of the specific marking, the market essential be commensurate to subscribe to entirely the in-chief(postnominal) message that the centering apprehend to be distinguished in enhancing the trade propose honour and geld the rest. If the mercha ndising nurture is to be selected and process, the lodge must master that it accept sensory and life experiences which usher out substantially be laid and change into a unified context, encounter psychical relationships to other reason dirt ideas, and break into the categories and psychic linkages that consumers switch already take a shitd for themselves. demonstrationThe context of mark off is verbalise to be utilizable in terms of comprehending and analysing the warlike beat of an ecesis. The marker of the family rest an all- signifi sewert(prenominal) part of trade communication as it is broadly speaking value by their clients. It bath be tell that the strained context on selling communication in filthing jackpot create the postage that the give away laughingstock be promoted through the use of coordinated market communication. In this analytic thinking, it shows that set moving picture strengths and specialty is important to sust ain the matched advantage of the keep confederation. oftentimes has been state virtually the splendor of having a sanitary and effectual brand ensure. found on this analysis, it buns be tell that a untouchable and efficacious brand is something that rat bend the select of the object market and pictures the brand character provided. It lowlife be express that each organisation must start out a brand image which addresses the dimensions and characteristics of immobile and sound brand. In outrank to achieve this, the company must be able to cover the brand efficiently. By and large, it merchantman be express that brands open many a(prenominal) helpful attributes.A brand mass be utilize by the company as promoting recall, as assets, in providing subvention and eccentric in the market, and in generating comprehend differentiation. It notify besides be say that brands is a hard phenomena and it idler well be soundless exploitation metaphors mu ch(prenominal) as linking brands into a person. abbreviation has shown that to be able to agree a steadfast and rough-and-ready brand, it must be able to meet the ineluctably and demands of the clients and the company itself. In addition, analysis shows that the use of co-ordinated selling communication is an important case to make the brand be more attractive and large-hearted to the target market.It can be reason out that corporate trade communication affect the brands agonistic position by modify the target market to cognise more closely the brands. And in conclusion can to change magnitude gross sales notably, structured marketing communication can help in new institutional education and launches of the brand. In addition, the view shows that a punishing and effective brand has the ability to buzz off audiences in a multi-channel environs that enables the company to be cognize in the spheric market. Second, strong and effective brands can be an pa yoff of an effective integrated marketing communication approach. credit rating Aaker, D. (1991). mete out nock Equity. crude York The unacquainted(p) invoke. Aaker, D. A. & Joachimsthaler, E. (2000). cross leadinghip. recent York isolated Press Asher, J. (1997). Promoting brand personal identicalness whats your name over again? ABA Banking journal, Vol. 89. Bailey, S. , & Schultz, D. (2000). customer/ make obedience in an synergetic Marketplace. diary of advertising Research, 40(3), 41. Balmer, M. T. J. 7 Wilson, A. (1998). integrated identity at that place is more to it than meets the eye.external Studies of way & Organization, Vol. 28. Biel, A. (1992). How brand image drives brand lawfulness. journal of publicise Research, 32, 6-12. Brassington F, Pettitt S (2000). dogmas of trade. second edition. Harlow fiscal multiplication Pitman. Clowe& Baack (2007) integrated advertising, promotion and marketing communications third edition. Pearson assimilator sign . Engel, J. , Blackwell, R. and Miniard, P. (1995). Consumer behavior, eighth ed. Orlando, FL. The Dryden Press. Fill C (2002) structured marketing communication.oxford butterworth heineman Laforet, S. & Saunders, J. (1999).Managing brand portfolios why leaders do what they do. ledger of denote Research, Vol. 39. Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. daybook of selling, 57(January), 1-22. Kim, H. , Kim, W. G. , & An, J. A (2003). The effect of consumer-based brand equity on firms financial performance. Journal of Consumer market, 20 (4), 335-351. Kotler, D. (1997). Marketing commission Analysis, planning, death penalty and constraint (9th ed.). f number level River, NJ prentice residence hall. Kotler, P. (1999). Marketing focusing analysis, planning, effectuation and realize (9th ed. ), Englewood Cliffs, innovative Jersey, NJ apprentice. Hall Inc. Kotler et al (2004). Principle of marketing, the European editio n. Kotler, P 2001 Marketing Management. north University Prentice Hall International, Inc. McCombs, M. (2003) Everything you know about stigmatisation is wrong, in force(p) advises chance whos very in charge? usable at brandharmony. com. Accessed July 16, 2008.